Dynamical analysis of the oceanic circulation in the Gulf of San Jorge, Argentina

This study identifies the dynamical mechanisms driving seasonal variations in oceanic circulation and water mass characteristics of the Gulf of San Jorge (GSJ) and its exchanges with the Patagonian Shelf (PS). A suite of process-oriented numerical experiments indicates that GSJ circulation is mainly driven by tidal forcing and modulated by wind forcing and intrusions from the PS. During late spring and summer, stratification decouples the upper and deeper layers of the gulf, leading to a shallow, wind-forced surface circulation and a deeper, density driven, cyclonic geostrophic flow. The subsurface circulation is induced by differential tidal mixing in coastal and deep areas and its intensity is strongly affected by the temporal variability of the atmospheric heat flux, which increases from spring to summer and fades from fall to winter. As stratification weakens, circulation patterns are replaced by wind-driven anticyclonic gyres in the south and an open cyclonic loop in the north. Passive tracer diagnostics show that in summer, surface and subsurface waters from the GSJ northern coast are exported and replaced by waters from the coastal portion of PS currents. The renewal of bottom waters is slower: A small portion upwells in the southwestern coast but most are ventilated by winter convection in the southern region and by intrusions of PS waters in the northern region.Fil: Palma, Elbio Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física; ArgentinaFil: Matano, Ricardo. State University of Oregon; Estados UnidosFil: Tonini, Mariano Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Martos, Patricia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Combes, Vincent. State University of Oregon; Estados Unido

Les couleurs des peintures murales romanes pyrénéennes : l’apport de l’étude des peintures conservées dans l’église Saint-Pierre d’Ourjout à Bordes-Uchentein (Ariège)

Après la mise au jour de peintures murales romanes dans l’abside de l’église Saint-Pierre d’Ourjout à Bordes-Uchentein, une étude sur la mise en œuvre et composition des peintures est menée associant la maîtrise d’œuvre conduite par Jean-Louis Rebière et le LRMH. Les analyses révèlent une peinture à sec après mise en place des tracés sur enduit frais. La palette est composée de noir de carbone, de carbonate de calcium, d’ocre jaune, d’ocre rouge, de vermillon, de minium mais aussi d’un pigment plus spécifique à cette aire géographique, l’aérinite. Le minium s’est manifestement transformé en plattnérite et en paralaurionite, conférant un aspect noir aux surfaces où il est employé.After the discovery of roman murals in Saint-Pierre d’Ourjout church (Bordes-Uchentein, Ariège), the architect and the « Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques » were asked to study the implementation and the composition of the paintings. The analyses allowed us to say that the paintings are not frescoes, even if the lines were realized in fresh coating. the colors are carbon black, calcium carbonate, yellow ochre, red ochre, vermilion, mimium, and also aerinite, a more specific pigment from this area. Minium certainly turned into plattnerite and paralaurionite, darkening surfaces where it was used

Cyclododecane as a contrast improving substance for the terahertz imaging of artworks

This paper presents measurements of the terahertz properties of the art conservation substance cyclododecane, demonstrating that it can act as a contrast improving agent in the terahertz imaging of concealed wall paintings. Results are presented which show that the terahertz optical properties of cyclododecane are dependent on the rate at which it has cooled from the melt. Based on the results, a theoretical explanation of the contrast enhancement mechanism is postulated. The findings presented here may lead to the development of novel coating materials that could improve the quality of terahertz images in a variety of fields and not just in art conservation

Estudio técnico de las pinturas murales de Germolles: la contribución de las técnicas de imagen

[EN] The Château de Germolles is one of the rare palace in France dating from the 14th century. The noble floor is decorated with wall paintings that are a unique example of courtly love spirit that infused the princely courts of the time. After being concealed sometime in the 19th century, the paintings were rediscovered and uncovered in the middle of the 20th century and partly restored at the end of the 1990s. No scientific documentation accompanied these interventions and important questions, such as the level of authenticity of the mural decorations and the original painting technique(s) used in the medieval times remained unanswered. The combined scientific and financial supports of COSCH Cost Action and DRAC-Burgundy enabled to study Germolles’ wall paintings using some of the most innovative imaging and analytical techniques and to address some of the questions raised. The study provided significant information on the material used in the medieval times and on the conservation condition of the paintings. The data collected is vast and varied and exposed the owners of the property to the challenges of data management.[ES] El castillo de Germolles es uno de los raros palacios principescos en Francia que data del siglo XIV. La planta noble está decorada con pinturas murales que son un ejemplo único del amor cortés, ese espíritu que se divulgó en las cortes de la época.Ocultadas desde el fin del siglo XIX, las pinturas fueron descubiertas en la mitad del siglo XXy fueron parcialmente restauradas al finalde la década de 1990. No hay documentación científica queacompañelas intervenciones, y cuestiones importantesse quedaronsin repuesta, en particular el nivel de autenticidad de las decoraciones de las paredes, así como lastécnicaspictóricasutilizadasen laépoca medieval. El apoyo científico y económico de la Acción Cost COSCH y de la DRAC de Borgoña permitió elestudio delas pinturas murales de Germolles con algunas de las técnicas de imagen y analíticasmás innovadoras, con tal de responder a algunas de las cuestiones planteadas. El estudio proporcionó informaciónrelevante en lo que se refiere al material utilizado durante la Edad Mediay sobreel estado de conservación de las pinturas. La toma de datos es ampliay variada, y expuso a los dueños de la propiedad al desafío de la gestión de datos.This project would not have been possible without the financial support by DRAC-Burgundy and the COST Action TD1201: Colour and Space in Cultural Heritage (COSCH) (www.cosch.info) which the authors wish to sincerely thank.Degrigny, C.; Piqué, F.; Papiashvili, N.; Guery, J.; Mansouri, A.; Le Goïc, G.; Detalle, V.... (2016). Technical study of Germolles’ wall paintings: the input of imaging technique. Virtual Archaeology Review. 7(15):1-8. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2016.5831SWORD18715Giovannoni, S., Matteini, M., & Moles, A. (1990). Studies and developments concerning the problem of altered lead pigments in wall painting. Studies in Conservation, 35(1), 21-25. doi:10.1179/sic.1990.35.1.21Manuel, A., Gattet, E., De Luca, L., & Veron, P. (2013). An approach for precise 2D/3D semantic annotation of spatially-oriented images for in situ visualization applications. 2013 Digital Heritage International Congress (DigitalHeritage). doi:10.1109/digitalheritage.2013.6743752Wefers, S., Reich, T., Tietz, B. and Boochs, F. 2016. SIVT – Processing, Viewing, and Analysis of 3D Scans of the Porthole Slab and Slab B2 of Züschen I. In: S. Campana, R. Sopigno, G. Carpentiero and M. Cirillo, eds, CAA2015. Keep the Revolution Going. Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods In Archaeology. Oxford : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, pp. 1067-1080

AI (r)evolution -- where are we heading? Thoughts about the future of music and sound technologies in the era of deep learning

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as deep learning are evolving very quickly bringing many changes to our everyday lives. To explore the future impact and potential of AI in the field of music and sound technologies a doctoral day was held between Queen Mary University of London (QMUL, UK) and Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS, France). Prompt questions about current trends in AI and music were generated by academics from QMUL and STMS. Students from the two institutions then debated these questions. This report presents a summary of the student debates on the topics of: Data, Impact, and the Environment; Responsible Innovation and Creative Practice; Creativity and Bias; and From Tools to the Singularity. The students represent the future generation of AI and music researchers. The academics represent the incumbent establishment. The student debates reported here capture visions, dreams, concerns, uncertainties, and contentious issues for the future of AI and music as the establishment is rightfully challenged by the next generation

Study protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial in general practice investigating the effectiveness of acupuncture against migraine

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Migraine is a chronic neurologic disease that can severely affect the patient's quality of life. Although in recent years many randomised studies have been carried out to investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture as a treatment for migraine, it remains a controversial issue. Our aim is to determine whether acupuncture, applied under real conditions of clinical practice in the area of primary healthcare, is more effective than conventional treatment.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>The design consists of a pragmatic multi-centre, three-armed randomised controlled trial, complemented with an economic evaluation of the results achieved, comparing the effectiveness of verum acupuncture with sham acupuncture, and with a control group receiving normal care only.</p> <p>Patients eligible for inclusion will be those presenting in general practice with migraine and for whom their General Practitioner (GP) is considering referral for acupuncture. Sampling will be by consecutive selection, and by randomised allocation to the three branches of the study, in a centralised way following a 1:1:1 distribution (verum acupuncture; sham acupuncture; conventional treatment). Secondly, one patient in three will be randomly selected from each of the acupuncture (verum or sham) groups for a brain perfusion study (by single photon emission tomography). The treatment with verum acupuncture will consist of 8 treatment sessions, once a week, at points selected individually by the acupuncturist. The sham acupuncture group will receive 8 sessions, one per week, with treatment being applied at non-acupuncture points in the dorsal and lumbar regions, using the minimal puncture technique. The control group will be given conventional treatment, as will the other two groups.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This trial will contribute to available evidence on acupuncture for the treatment of migraine. The primary endpoint is the difference in the number of days with migraine among the three groups, between the baseline period (the 4 weeks prior to the start of treatment) and the period from weeks 9 to 12. As a secondary aspect, we shall record the index of laterality and the percentage of change in the mean count per pixel in each region of interest measured by the brain perfusion tomography, performed on a subsample of the patients within the real and sham acupuncture groups.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN98703707.</p

Ancient marine sediment DNA reveals diatom transition in Antarctica

Antarctica is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change on Earth and studying the past and present responses of this polar marine ecosystem to environmental change is a matter of urgency. Sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) analysis can provide such insights into past ecosystem-wide changes. Here we present authenticated (through extensive contamination control and sedaDNA damage analysis) metagenomic marine eukaryote sedaDNA from the Scotia Sea region acquired during IODP Expedition 382. We also provide a marine eukaryote sedaDNA record of ~1 Mio. years and diatom and chlorophyte sedaDNA dating back to ~540 ka (using taxonomic marker genes SSU, LSU, psbO). We find evidence of warm phases being associated with high relative diatom abundance, and a marked transition from diatoms comprising <10% of all eukaryotes prior to ~14.5 ka, to ~50% after this time, i.e., following Meltwater Pulse 1A, alongside a composition change from sea-ice to open-ocean species. Our study demonstrates that sedaDNA tools can be expanded to hundreds of thousands of years, opening the pathway to the study of ecosystem-wide marine shifts and paleo-productivity phases throughout multiple glacial-interglacial cycles

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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